/ðə/, /ðiː/
used before nouns to show that you mean a particular person or thing that is already known
determiner
Examples
- Please close the door.
- I loved the book you gave me.
/tuː/
in the direction of a place or person, so that you arrive there
preposition
Examples
- We walked to the station.
- Is this the road to the beach?
used before a verb in its basic form
particle
Examples
- It is easy to forget.
- I decided to learn Spanish.
used to show who receives something
preposition
Examples
- Give the keys to your sister.
- I wrote a letter to my teacher.
/ænd/
used to join two or more words or things
conjunction
Examples
- I bought bread and milk.
- My brother and sister live in Canada.
/ɒv/
used to show that a thing is a piece or section belonging to something larger
preposition
Examples
- The roof of the house is red.
- We stayed until the end of the day.
used after a word for an amount, container, or group to say what it holds or includes
preposition
Examples
- She drank a cup of tea.
- A group of students waited outside.
/ə/, /eɪ/
used before singular nouns to mean one, or any one, of something
determiner · Written an before a vowel sound.
Examples
- I need a pen.
- She has a brother and two sisters.
/ɪn/
inside a place, room, or container
preposition
Examples
- The keys are in my bag.
- She is in the kitchen.
used before a month to say when something happens
preposition
Examples
- My birthday is in May.
- We go to the beach in July.
/aɪ/
used by a speaker or writer to talk about themselves
pronoun
Examples
- I'm a teacher.
- I like hot tea.
/fɔː/
intended to be given to, or used by, someone
preposition
Examples
- This gift is for you.
- I made a cake for my sister.
used to say how long something lasts
preposition
Examples
- We waited for two hours.
- I lived in Spain for three years.
used to say the purpose of something
preposition
Examples
- This knife is for cutting bread.
- What is this button for?
/ðæt/
used to point to a thing which is far from you
pronoun
Examples
- What is that?
- Can you pass me that?
used after verbs like say, know, and think to join two parts of a sentence
conjunction
Examples
- I know that she is right.
- He said that he was tired.
used after a noun to say which person or thing you mean
pronoun
Examples
- The book that I bought is great.
- Is this the bus that goes to the airport?
/juː/
the person someone is speaking or writing to
pronoun · Also used for more than one person.
Examples
- Do you have a pen?
- I will call you tomorrow.
people in general, including the speaker
pronoun
Examples
- You cannot park here.
- You never know what will happen.
/ɪt/
used to talk about a thing, animal, or idea that was already mentioned
pronoun
Examples
- I bought a book. It's very good.
- Where is my phone? I can't find it.
used as the subject when talking about the weather, time, or distance
pronoun
Examples
- It is raining outside.
- It is almost six o'clock.
/ɒn/
resting above and touching a surface
preposition
Examples
- The book is on the table.
- Put your bag on the chair.
used before a day of the week to say when something happens
preposition
Examples
- The meeting is on Monday.
- Are you free on Friday evening?
/wɪð/
in the company of another person
preposition
Examples
- I went to the park with my friends.
- She lives with her parents.
using a tool or thing to do something
preposition
Examples
- He cut the bread with a knife.
- I write with my left hand.
having a particular feature or part
preposition
Examples
- She is the girl with long hair.
- We want a room with a view of the sea.
/ðɪs/
used to point to a thing which is close to you
pronoun
Examples
- What is this?
- Can you hold this for me?
used before a noun to point to a person or thing that is close to you
determiner
Examples
- I like this book.
- Is this seat free?
/biː/
used to say who or what someone or something is
verb · past was, were · past participle been · am, is, are
Examples
- She is a doctor.
- My parents are teachers.
used to say where someone or something is
verb · past was, were · past participle been · am, is, are
Examples
- My parents are at home.
- We are at the airport.
used with another verb to make continuous tenses and the passive
auxiliary verb
Examples
- She is reading a book.
- The door was closed by the wind.
/æz/
in the role or job of a person or thing
preposition
Examples
- He works as a driver.
- We used the box as a table.
while something else is happening
conjunction
Examples
- She smiled as she opened the door.
- The phone rang as I was leaving.
used to give the reason for something
conjunction
Examples
- As it was late, we went home.
- As she was tired, she went to bed early.
/hæv/
to own or possess something
verb · past had · past participle had
Examples
- I have a new bike.
- They have a big house.
used with a past participle to make perfect tenses
auxiliary verb
Examples
- I have finished my homework.
- She has already left.
to eat or drink something
verb · past had · past participle had
Examples
- Do you want to have a coffee?
- Let's have a sandwich for lunch.
/æt/
used to say the place where someone or something is, or where something happens
preposition
Examples
- My sister is waiting for us at the station.
- Get off the bus at the next stop.
used before a clock time to say when something happens
preposition
Examples
- The train leaves at 8:30.
- We have dinner at seven.
/hiː/
used to talk about a man or boy
pronoun
Examples
- He's my brother.
- I think he works in a bank.
/nɒt/
used to make a verb, adjective, or phrase negative
adverb
Examples
- I'm not hungry.
- This is not my bag.
/baɪ/
used to say who or what did or made something
preposition
Examples
- This book was written by a famous author.
- The window was broken by the wind.
used to say how you travel
preposition
Examples
- We went to school by bus.
- Is it faster to travel by train?
next to or very near
preposition
Examples
- She sat by the window.
- There is a bench by the lake.
/bʌt/
used to introduce something that is different from what was just said
conjunction
Examples
- I like tea, but I don't like coffee.
- It was late, but he kept working.
/frɒm/
used to show the place where a journey or movement begins
preposition
Examples
- The train from Paris is late.
- We walked home from school.
used to say the country, town, or place where someone or something started
preposition
Examples
- I am from Brazil.
- This cheese comes from Italy.
/ɔː/
used to join two or more choices or possibilities
conjunction
Examples
- We can walk or take the bus.
- She will call or send a message.
used to say what will happen if something is not done; otherwise
conjunction
Examples
- Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.
- Put on a coat, or you will be cold.
/wiː/
used to talk about yourself and other people together
pronoun
Examples
- We live in a small town.
- We're late for class.
/jɔː/
belonging to the person you are speaking to
determiner
Examples
- Is this your bag?
- What is your name?
/ɔːl/
every one of the people or things in a group
determiner
Examples
- All my friends live in the same town.
- All the tickets were sold in one hour.
the whole of something, or the whole of a period of time
determiner
Examples
- She ate all the cake by herself.
- It rained all day yesterday.
/səʊ/
to a great degree
adverb
Examples
- The soup is so good!
- She is so kind.
for that reason; as a result
conjunction
Examples
- It was raining, so we stayed home.
- I was tired, so I went to bed early.
used instead of repeating something that was just said
adverb
Examples
- Is it going to rain? I think so.
- Will she come? I hope so.
/hɪz/
belonging to a man or boy
determiner
Examples
- His name is Tom.
- I like his house.
/ðeɪ/
used to talk about two or more other people or things
pronoun
Examples
- They're my parents.
- They live next door.
/miː/
the word a speaker uses for themselves after a verb or preposition
pronoun
Examples
- She called me yesterday.
- Can you help me?
/ɪf/
used to say that something depends on another thing happening or being true
conjunction
Examples
- If it rains, we will stay inside.
- I will call you if I need help.
used to talk about two possibilities when you do not know which one is true
conjunction
Examples
- I don't know if he is at home.
- Please ask if the shop is open.
/wʌn/
the number 1
numeral
Examples
- I have one brother.
- Please wait one minute.
used instead of a noun that was already mentioned
pronoun
Examples
- I lost my pen, so I bought a new one.
- Which bag is yours? The red one?
/kæn/
to be able to do something because it is possible
auxiliary verb · past could
Examples
- We can meet at six.
- I can come with you tomorrow.
to be allowed to do something; also used to ask for permission
auxiliary verb · past could
Examples
- You can park here after six.
- Can I sit here?
/wɪl/
used to say what is going to happen in the future
auxiliary verb
Examples
- It will rain tomorrow.
- I will call you later.
/dʒʌst/
only, and nothing more
adverb
Examples
- I just want a glass of water.
- It is just a small problem.
a very short time ago
adverb
Examples
- I've just got home.
- She has just left the room.
/laɪk/
to find someone or something pleasant or enjoyable
verb
Examples
- I like fresh bread.
- Do you like this song?
similar to someone or something
preposition
Examples
- She looks like her mother.
- This fruit tastes like a lemon.
/əˈbaʊt/
on the subject of
preposition
Examples
- We talked about the weather.
- This book is about a dog.
a little more or less than a number or amount
adverb
Examples
- The trip takes about two hours.
- About twenty people came to the meeting.
/aʊt/
away from the inside of a place or container
adverb
Examples
- She opened the door and went out.
- The cat doesn't want to go out in the rain.
not at home or at your place of work
adverb
Examples
- I called, but she was out.
- The manager is out until Monday.
/wɒt/
used to ask for information about a thing or idea
pronoun
Examples
- What do you want for lunch?
- What's in the bag?
the thing or things that
pronoun
Examples
- I don't know what he wants.
- That is what I need.
/wɛn/
used to ask at what time something happens
adverb
Examples
- When does the class start?
- When's your birthday?
at the time that something happens
conjunction
Examples
- Call me when you get home.
- I always drink coffee when I wake up.
/mɔː/
a greater amount or number
determiner
Examples
- Would you like more tea?
- I need more time.
used before adjectives and adverbs to make the comparative form
adverb
Examples
- This book is more interesting than that one.
- Please drive more carefully.
/duː/
to perform an action or activity
verb · past did · past participle done
Examples
- I do my homework after dinner.
- Can you do this for me?
used with another verb to make questions and negative sentences
auxiliary verb · past did
Examples
- Do you like tea?
- I do not know the answer.
/nəʊ/
used to give a negative answer
interjection
Examples
- No, thank you.
- No, I don't live here.
not any; not one
determiner
Examples
- No student passed the test.
- No bus goes to the airport at night.
/huː/
used to ask which person
pronoun
Examples
- Who is that man?
- Who called you?
used to say which person you mean, or to add information about a person
pronoun
Examples
- The woman who lives next door is a nurse.
- I know a man who speaks five languages.
/ðeə/
belonging to other people or things already mentioned
determiner
Examples
- Their house is near the park.
- The children left their bags at school.
/ðeə/
in or at that place
adverb
Examples
- Put the box over there.
- I lived in Rome and I loved living there.
used before a form of be to say that something exists or is in a place
pronoun
Examples
- There is a bank near the station.
- There are three eggs in the fridge.
/hɜː/
belonging to a woman or girl
determiner
Examples
- Her name is Anna.
- I met her sister yesterday.
the word for a woman or girl when she receives the action of a verb
pronoun
Examples
- I know her from school.
- He called her yesterday.
/wɪtʃ/
used to ask about one person or thing out of a known group
pronoun
Examples
- Which is yours?
- Which do you want, the red one or the blue one?
used before a noun to ask about one person or thing out of a known group
determiner
Examples
- Which book do you want?
- Which bus goes to the airport?
used to give more information about a thing already mentioned
pronoun
Examples
- I have a phone which takes great photos.
- She lives in a house which is very old.
/taɪm/
the hours or days available for doing something
noun · uncountable
Examples
- I don't have time today.
- It takes time to learn a language.
an occasion when something happens
noun ·
Examples
- This is the first time I have flown.
- Every time I visit, it rains.
the hour and minute shown on a clock
noun ·
Examples
- What time is it?
- Check the time on your phone.
/ɡɛt/
to receive something
verb · past got · past participle got
Examples
- I get a letter from my aunt every month.
- She will get a new phone for her birthday.
to become
verb · past got · past participle got
Examples
- She got angry when she heard the news.
- I always get nervous before exams.
to arrive at or reach a place
verb · past got · past participle got
Examples
- What time do you get home?
- We got to the station early.
/wʊd/
used to talk about an imagined situation or its result
auxiliary verb
Examples
- I would buy a bigger house if I had more money.
- If I had time, I would learn to play the piano.
used to ask someone politely to do something
auxiliary verb
Examples
- Would you open the window, please?
- Would you help me with this bag?
used to talk about the future from a point in the past
auxiliary verb
Examples
- She said she would call me later.
- I knew he would be late.
/ʃiː/
used to talk about a woman or girl
pronoun
Examples
- She's my sister.
- I think she lives in Spain.
/njuː/
not existing before, or recently made or bought
adjective
Examples
- I bought a new phone.
- She started a new job last week.
/ˈpiːpl/
more than one person
noun · plural only
Examples
- A lot of people live in this city.
- People here are very friendly.
/haʊ/
in what way, or by what method
adverb
Examples
- How do you make pancakes?
- Can you show me how to use this machine?
used to ask about someone's health, or whether something was good
adverb
Examples
- How are you?
- How was your trip?
/sʌm/
a number of people or things, without saying exactly how many
determiner
Examples
- I have some friends in Paris.
- Some students arrived late.
an amount of something, without saying exactly how much
determiner
Examples
- Would you like some water?
- There is some milk in the fridge.
/ˈɔːlsəʊ/
in addition, or as well
adverb
Examples
- She speaks French and also Spanish.
- I also need a pen.
/ðɛm/
the word for two or more people or things when they receive the action of a verb
pronoun
Examples
- I like your parents. I see them often.
- The keys are on the table. Please take them.
/naʊ/
at the present time
adverb
Examples
- I am busy now.
- Where do you live now?
/ˈʌðə/
different from the person or thing already mentioned, or in addition to it
adjective
Examples
- Do you have any other questions?
- Some people like tea, but other people prefer coffee.
/ɪts/
belonging to a thing or an animal that was already mentioned
determiner · Written without an apostrophe; it's means it is.
Examples
- The dog wagged its tail.
- The company changed its name.
/ˈaʊə/
belonging to me and one or more other people
determiner
Examples
- Our house is near the park.
- We love our teacher.
/ðæn/
used to compare two people, things, or amounts
conjunction
Examples
- She is taller than her brother.
- This book is more interesting than that one.
/ɡʊd/
of high quality, or pleasant
adjective · better, best
Examples
- This is a good book.
- We had a good time at the beach.
able to do something well
adjective · better, best
Examples
- She is good at singing.
- My brother is good at chess.
/ˈəʊnli/
and nothing or no one else
adverb
Examples
- I have only one pen.
- Only my sister knows the secret.
being the one person or thing of its kind
adjective
Examples
- She is the only girl in the class.
- This is my only key.
/ˈɑːftə/
later than a time or an event
preposition
Examples
- We went for a walk after dinner.
- She called me after lunch.
at a time later than when something happens
conjunction
Examples
- We left after the rain stopped.
- Call me after you finish work.
/fɜːst/
coming before all others in order or time
adjective
Examples
- Today is my first day at work.
- This is the first time I have eaten sushi.
before anything else
adverb
Examples
- First, wash your hands.
- Let me finish this first.
/hɪm/
the word for a man or boy when he receives the action of a verb
pronoun
Examples
- I know him from school.
- She called him yesterday.
/ˈɪntuː/
to the inside of a place or thing
preposition
Examples
- She walked into the room.
- Put the book into your bag.
/nəʊ/
to have facts or information in your mind
verb · past knew · past participle known
Examples
- I know the answer.
- Do you know where the station is?
to be familiar with a person or place because you have met them or been there
verb · past knew · past participle known
Examples
- I know your sister from school.
- She knows this city very well.
/siː/
to notice or look at something with your eyes
verb · past saw · past participle seen
Examples
- Did you see that bird?
- I saw a fox in the garden last night.
to understand
verb · past saw · past participle seen
Examples
- I see what you mean.
- Oh, I see. That makes sense.
to meet someone or spend time with them
verb · past saw · past participle seen
Examples
- I will see you tomorrow.
- We see our grandparents every Sunday.
/tuː/
the number 2
numeral
Examples
- I have two sisters.
- Please wait two minutes.
/meɪk/
to create or produce something
verb · past made · past participle made
Examples
- She makes bread every morning.
- We made a cake for his birthday.
to cause someone or something to feel or become a certain way
verb · past made · past participle made
Examples
- The news made her happy.
- Loud noise makes me nervous.
/ˈəʊvə/
above or higher than something, without touching it
preposition
Examples
- A plane flew over our house.
- The lamp hangs over the table.
more than a number or an amount
preposition
Examples
- The concert had over a thousand people.
- She has lived here for over ten years.
/θɪŋk/
to believe that something is true or a good idea
verb · past thought · past participle thought
Examples
- I think it is a good idea.
- Do you think it will rain?
to use your mind to consider something
verb · past thought · past participle thought
Examples
- Let me think for a moment.
- She is thinking about her next job.
/ˈɛni/
used in questions and if-clauses to mean some
determiner
Examples
- Do you have any questions?
- If you need any help, just ask.
it does not matter which one
determiner
Examples
- You can sit in any chair.
- Any day next week is fine for me.
used in negative sentences to mean not even one or not even a small amount
determiner
Examples
- I don't have any money.
- There isn't any milk left.
/ðɛn/
at a time in the past that has been mentioned
adverb
Examples
- I lived in Rome then.
- We were students then.
next, after something else has happened
adverb
Examples
- Wash the rice, then cook it for twenty minutes.
- We had dinner, then we went for a walk.
in that case, or as a result of what was just said
adverb
Examples
- If you are tired, then go to bed.
- You don't like it? Then don't buy it.
/kʊd/
was able to do something in the past
auxiliary verb
Examples
- When I was young, I could run very fast.
- She could speak three languages by the age of ten.
used to ask politely for something or for permission
auxiliary verb
Examples
- Could you open the window, please?
- Could I borrow your pen?
used to say that something is possible
auxiliary verb
Examples
- It could rain later.
- That could be the answer.
/bæk/
to or at the place or state where you were before
adverb
Examples
- We came back from the beach on Sunday.
- Please put the book back on the shelf.
the part of your body behind your chest, between your neck and your waist
noun ·
Examples
- My back hurts after sitting all day.
- He carried the bag on his back.
/ðiːz/
used to point to things or people that are close to you
pronoun
Examples
- What are these?
- Can you hold these for me?
/wɒnt/
to wish to have something
verb
Examples
- I want a glass of water.
- She wants a new bike.
to wish to do something
verb
Examples
- She wants to learn French.
- I want to go home.
/bɪˈkɒz/
for the reason that
conjunction
Examples
- I stayed in because I had a cold.
- She is happy because she passed the test.
/ɡəʊ/
to move or travel to a place
verb · past went · past participle gone
Examples
- Let's go to the park.
- Where are you going?
to leave a place
verb · past went · past participle gone
Examples
- I have to go now.
- It's late, so we should go.
/wɛl/
in a good or skilled way
adverb · better, best
Examples
- She speaks English well.
- He plays the piano well.
used at the start of a reply or sentence, or to fill a pause
interjection
Examples
- Well, I am not sure.
- Well, it depends on the price.
in good health
adjective
Examples
- I hope you are well.
- She was ill, but now she is well again.
/weɪ/
a method of doing something
noun ·
Examples
- What is the best way to learn English?
- There are many ways to cook rice.
a road, path, or direction that you follow to get to a place
noun ·
Examples
- Can you show me the way to the station?
- I lost my way in the forest.
/məʊst/
the largest part or number of something
determiner
Examples
- Most students walk to school.
- He ate most of the cake.
used with long adjectives and adverbs to say more than all the others
adverb
Examples
- This is the most interesting book I have read.
- She is the most careful driver in my family.
/mʌtʃ/
a large amount of something
determiner · more, most
Examples
- I do not have much money.
- How much time do we have?
to a great degree
adverb · more, most
Examples
- Thank you very much.
- I do not like coffee very much.
/ˈvɛri/
to a high degree; extremely
adverb
Examples
- The soup is very hot.
- She speaks very quickly.
/wɛə/
used to ask in or to what place something is or happens
adverb
Examples
- Where do you live?
- I know where she works.
/ˈiːvn/
used to show that something is surprising or extreme
adverb
Examples
- Even a small child can use this app.
- He did not even say thank you.
/ʃʊd/
used to say what is right or a good idea to do
auxiliary verb
Examples
- You should drink more water.
- We should leave now.
used to say that something is expected or likely
auxiliary verb
Examples
- The train should arrive at six.
- It should be easy.
/ʌs/
the word a speaker uses for themselves and other people after a verb or preposition
pronoun
Examples
- Can you help us?
- Come to the park with us.
/hɪə/
in or to this place
adverb
Examples
- Please sit here.
- I have lived here for ten years.
/niːd/
to require something because it is necessary
verb
Examples
- I need a new phone.
- Plants need water.
to have to do something because it is necessary
verb
Examples
- We need to leave now.
- You need to wear a helmet.
/ˈrɪəli/
very, or to a high degree
adverb · Can also be used alone as a question to show surprise: Really?
Examples
- It is really cold today.
- I really like your new bag.
in fact or in truth, used to check or stress that something is true
adverb
Examples
- Did you really say that?
- Is she really a doctor?
/raɪt/
correct, with no mistakes
adjective
Examples
- That is the right answer.
- Is this the right bus for the airport?
to or on the side of your body opposite the left side
adverb
Examples
- Turn right at the corner.
- Look right, then left.
something that the law or fairness says you can do or have
noun ·
Examples
- Everyone has the right to vote.
- Children have the right to go to school.
/wɜːk/
to do a job, usually for money
verb
Examples
- She works in a bank.
- I work from home on Fridays.
the activity you do as your job, or the tasks you have to do
noun · uncountable
Examples
- I have a lot of work today.
- He is looking for work as a driver.
to operate in the correct way
verb
Examples
- The phone does not work.
- Does this key work?
/jɪə/
a period of twelve months
noun ·
Examples
- I have lived here for three years.
- She started school last year.
/deɪ/
a period of 24 hours
noun ·
Examples
- There are seven days in a week.
- I work five days a week.
the part of the 24 hours when it is light, not night
noun ·
Examples
- Bats sleep during the day.
- She works at night and sleeps during the day.