a large natural elevation of the earth's surface
noun
Examples:
• They climbed to the top of the mountain.
• The mountain was covered in snow.
a low area of land between hills or mountains, typically with a river running through it
noun
Examples:
• The valley was surrounded by snow-capped mountains.
• They live in a peaceful valley.
a large natural stream of water flowing to the sea or a lake
noun
Examples:
• The river flows through the center of the city.
• They went fishing by the river.
a large body of water surrounded by land
noun
Examples:
• We went swimming in the lake.
• The cabin is located near a beautiful mountain lake.
a very large expanse of sea
noun
Examples:
• The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth.
• They sailed across the ocean.
a piece of land surrounded by water
noun
Examples:
• They spent their vacation on a tropical island.
• The island can only be reached by boat.
a dry, barren area of land with little rainfall and sparse vegetation
noun
Examples:
• The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world.
• They crossed the desert on camels.
to abandon someone or something, leaving them without help or support
verb
Examples:
• He deserted his family and was never heard from again.
• The soldiers were court-martialled for deserting their post.
a large area of land densely covered with trees and undergrowth
noun
Examples:
• They hiked for hours through the ancient forest before reaching the clearing.
• The Amazon forest is home to an extraordinary diversity of plant and animal species.
a steep, high rock face, especially at the edge of the sea
noun
Examples:
• They stood at the edge of the cliff and stared down at the waves.
• The famous white cliffs are visible from the French coast.
an opening in the earth's crust through which molten rock, ash, and gases can escape, often forming a mountain
noun
Examples:
• The volcano erupted without warning, sending ash clouds kilometres into the sky.
• Hawaii's landscape was formed over millions of years by volcanic activity from underwater volcanoes.
a large, slow-moving mass of ice formed from compacted snow that flows downhill under its own weight
noun
Examples:
• Scientists have observed that the glacier has retreated significantly over the past century.
• The hikers trekked across the glacier wearing crampons to prevent slipping.
a deep, narrow valley with steep rocky sides, usually formed by a river
noun
Examples:
• The hikers stood at the rim of the canyon, marveling at its sheer depth.
• A river carved this canyon over millions of years.
a flow of water falling from a height where a river or stream drops steeply over a cliff or rock
noun
Examples:
• The hikers stopped to admire the waterfall cascading down the mossy cliff face.
• You can hear the roar of the waterfall long before you can see it through the trees.
a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water
noun
Examples:
• The town was built on a peninsula that jutted into the bay.
• The Iberian Peninsula comprises Spain and Portugal.
a large flat area of elevated land
noun
Examples:
• The hikers rested on a wide plateau before continuing their ascent.
• The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and largest plateau on Earth.
a flat area of open land covered with grass and wildflowers
noun
Examples:
• The children ran through the meadow, picking wildflowers along the way.
• A herd of deer grazed peacefully in the meadow at dawn.
an area of low-lying land that is permanently saturated with water and typically covered with vegetation
noun
Examples:
• The alligator slipped silently into the murky swamp.
• The trail through the swamp was muddy and difficult to navigate.
a ridge of rock, coral, or sand near the surface of the sea
noun
Examples:
• The divers explored the colorful coral reef teeming with tropical fish.
• The ship ran aground on a reef hidden just below the waterline.
a natural underground hollow in a hillside or cliff
noun
Examples:
• The explorers discovered ancient paintings on the walls of the cave.
• Bats roosted in the dark cave near the forest.
the line at which the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet
noun
Examples:
• The sun sank slowly below the horizon as evening approached.
• She stood at the cliff's edge staring out at the distant horizon.